Naval facilities engineering command soil mechanics design manual

Strength somewhat less Lhdu fte:,,lt lut. LuL t:uteH caimoL be broken by hand or by knife. Texture preserved. Most minerals somewhat decomposed. Specimens can be broken by hand with effort or i:;haved with knife. Core stones present in rock mass. Texture hecoming indistinct but fabric preserved. Minerals decomposed to soil but fabric and structure preserved Saprolite. Specimens crumbled or penetrated.

Advanced state of decomposition resulting in plastic soils. Rock fabric and structure completely destroyed.

Large volume change. Hardness Classification. Describe as very soft, soft, etc. Rl Classification. Identify the rock by geologic name and local name if any. A simplified classification is given in Table Example of typical description: Fresh gray coarse moderately close fractured Mica Schist.

The resultant is multiplied by to get RQD in percent. It is necessary to distinguish between natural fractures and those caused by the drilling or recovery operations. A qualitative. Classification by Strength. Determine the uniaxial c.

Describe the strength of intact sample tested as weak, strong, etc. Point load strength tests are sometimes performed in the field for larger projects where rippability and rock strength are critical design factors.

This simple field test can be performed on core samples and irregular rock specimens. The point 7. Hand held specimen breaks with hammer end of pick under more than one blow. Cannot be scraped or peeled with , - 5BO knife, hand held specimen can be broken with single moderate blow with pick. Can just be scraped or peeled with - knife. Indentations lmm to 3mm show in specimen with moderate blow with pick. Medium Crystalline Dolerite I '. And fossils Medium to Calcite atd appreciable doloml.

Phyllite Slate 7. This index is related to the direct tensile s th of the rock by a proportionality conatant of 0. Useful relationships of point load ten-sile th index to other parameters such at. The technique for performing the test is described in Reference 9. Classification by Durability. Short-term weathering of rocks, par-t shales and mudstonei::;, If, for Qxmnplo, wotting and drying cycles reduce shale to grn. A preliminary estimate of thR physic. Guidance is provided in Reference 14 for description of weathered i.

Typical strength parameters for weathered igneous and metamorphic rocks are also given in Reference Guidance on physical properties of some shales is given in Reference See Table 12 for general classification and typical engineering implications of special materials that influence foundation design.

Soils exhibiting such behavior are' mostly montmorillonite clays and clay shales. Identification and Classification. Figure 4 Reference 17, Shallow Foundations, by the Canadian Geotechnical Society shows a method based on Atterberg limits and grain size for classifying expansive soils.

In the U. Collapsing soils are. Examples of soils exhibi this behavior are loess, weakly cemented sands and silts where cemen agent is soluble e. A common feature of f' soils iB thP 1ooqp bulky together by capillary stresses.

Deposits of collapsible soils are associated with regions of moisture deficiency. Detailed geologic studies could identify potentially collapsible soils. For cemented soHs and nonplastic soils, criteria based on consolidometer tests are more ble as illustrated in Figure 6 Reference 20, A Guide to Construction on or with Materi aJ s Rxi hiting Add:i.

In non-frost susceptible soil, volume i. In susceptible soil heave. Silts are the most susceptible to frost heave.. Figure 7 Reference 23, National Oceanic a. Limestone, dolomite, gypsum and anhydrite are cha. Some near shore carbonate sediments also called limestone, marl, chalk could fit this description. Such sediments are noted for errati. The most significant limestone feature is its solubility.

An extremely soluble one can be riddled with solution caves, channels, or other open, water, or clay filled features. Geophysical techniques, including shallow seismic refraction, resistivity and gravimetry are often found to be valuable supplements.

Coral and Coral Formation. Living coral and coralline debt. Coral is a term commonly used for the group of anim R which secrete an outer skeleton composed. The term "coral r:eef" is often applied to large concentrations of such colonies which form extensive submerged tracts around tropical coasts and islands. In general, coralline soils deposited after the breakdown of the reef, typically by wave action, are thin a few meters thick and form a veneer upon cemented materials limestones, sandstones, etc.

Because the granular coralline and algal materials are derived from organisms which vary in size from microscopic shells to large coralheads several meters in diameter, the fragments are broadly graded and range in size from boulders to fine-grained muds.

Coralline deposits are generally referred to as "bio-materials" by geologists. When cemented, they may be termed "reefrock," or "beachrockt" or other names which imply an origin through cementation of particles into a hard, coherent material. Under loads, compaction occurs as the brittle carbonate grains fracture and consolidate.

They can provide a firm support for mats or spread footings bearing light loads, but it is necessary to thoroughly compact the material before using it as a supporting surface.

Heavy structures in coral areas are generally supported on pile foundations because of the erratic induration. Predrilling frequently is required. Because of extreme variability in engineering properties of natural coral formations, it is not prudent to make preliminary engineering decisions on the basis of ''typical properties.

All quick clays are of marine origin. Slopes in quick clays can fail without large movements. Unless these can le shown to be non-detrimental to the performance of the foundation, bypassing with deep foundations, or removal and replacement are in order.

Sanitary landfills may undergo large settlements under self weight as well as under structural loads. Guidelines on the evaluation of settlement and other foundation considerations for sanitary landfills are given in DM Chemically Reactive Soils. For foundation construction, the main concerns usually are corrosion and gas generation. Corrosion potential is determined in terms of pH, resistivity, stray current activity, groundwater position, chemical analysis, etc.

For gas concentration, organic matter content. If gas generation is expected, some form of venting system is designed see Chapter 2. The potential presence of noxious or explosive gases should be considered during the construction exc.

Lateritic Soils. Lateritic soils are found in tropical climates throughout the world. Typical characteristics are shown in Table Agency for International Development; and Reference 31, La.

Agency for International Development. Submarine Soils. GT7, Ayers J. Coon, J. Deere, D. Bureau of Mines, Report Investigation , p 23, Franklin, J. UndPrwood, L. SM6, Farmer, I. Jenningi:;, J. Holtz, W. Knight, K. Beckwith, G. Sowers, F. GT8, Way, S. Anne, Q. Gidigasu, M. Persons, S. SMS, This is particularly true in the offshore environment where borings are exceptionally expensive.

Information on boring layout is given in Section 5 and a sample boring log is given in Figure 1. Guidance on exploration techniques is given in Sections 5 and 6. To optimize its use, the U. Navy encourages utilization of its format on Navy projects. Additional exploration may be required during or after construction. Frequently, all preconstruction phases are combined into a single exploration effort.

Reconnaissance includes a review of available topographic and geologic information, aerial photographs, data from previous investigations, and site examination. BLOWS :t t. I SHT. Preliminary Exploration. This may include borings to recover samples for identification tests only.

Detailed Exploration. Data on the physical geology of the United States are available in maps and reports by government agencies, universities, and professional societies see Table 1. Shipyard or Waterfront Areas. These locations of ten have undergone cycles of expansion and reconst. Records of former construction may contain information on borings, field tests, groundwater conditions, and potential or actual sources of trouble.

Review of data from previous work should receive the greatest attention of any phase in a reconnaissance investigation. Remote sensing data are acquired by imagery recovery devices and their transporting media. Aerial photographs are the most common type with coverage of almost the entire United States available at scales from , to , With the advent of improving technology, space programs and data aatheri.

Table 2 summarizes the types of data most commonly used in engineering studies. Use of photographs and mosaics is. Other forms of remote sensing data are used on a more selective basis when required. For a complete description on the use of imagery in earthquake analysis, see Reference 2, Imagery in Earthquake Analysis, by Glass and Slemmons.

Order publications from Superintendent of Documents. Contact regional distribution offices tor information. Ittdividual maps of each slate showing coverage and sources of all published geological maps. Contains maps of bedrock and surf ace materials for many important urban and seacoast areas. When out of print, obtain folios through suppliers of used technical literature.

This series supplants the older geological folios including areal or bedrock geology maps with brief descriptive text. Areal and bedrock geology maps for specific locations included in many publications. Topographic contour maps in all states, widespread qoverage being continually expanded.

Regional off ice libraries contain geological and seismological information from many sources. Data on foreign countries are often suitable. Charts of coastal and inland waterways showing available soundings of bottom plus topographic and cultural features adjacent to the coast or waterways. Physical geology summarized. Excellent for highway or airfield investigations. Coverage mainly in midwest, east, and southern United States.

Most states provide excellent detailed local geological maps and reports covering specific areas or features in the publical lom'I of the state geologists. Some offices are excellent sources of information on foreign countries. Write for index to GSA, P. Box , Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado, Texts cover specialized geological subjects and intensive investigations of local geology. Detailed geological maps are frequently included in the individual articles.

Publications include general geological maps of North and South America, maps of glacial deposits, and Pleistocene aeolian deposits. Valuable because of high resolution and available scales could range from , or larger to Gives repetitive coverage every 18 days. The primary sensor is the multispectral scanner MSS which acquires images miles per side in four srectral bands. VA, U. Forest Service; U. Bureau of Lar. Closest regional source can be determined by calling , Ext. Six lens array designed to provide high-quality photography of Earth's surface.

Films used were filtered black and white, color and false color infrared. Bl rm m1 - Ell am. The Earth terrain camera provided high resolution photography for scientific study. Various black and white, color and false-color infrared film8 used. Limited data were acquired between latitudes 40 degrees north and 50 degrees south in flights. Skylab flights are completed. Photos available in wide variety of formats from flights as low as a few thousand feet to u-2 flights at altitudes above 60, feet.

High altitude photos generally available at scales of about , and , Coverage not available for all areas. Jses low, oblique illumination angles giving appearance of low sun angle imagery. Where te:iqerature contrasts are significant, thermal IR imagery can be useful.

Ordinarily it is used for spec:".. Very little of Earth's surface covered. No cost data available. Flight strips. Most aerial photographs are taken as flight strips with 60 percent or more overlap between pictures along the flight line and 20 to 30 percent side overlap between parallel flight lines. When overlapping pictures are viewed stereoscopi-c ally, gro11nd re 1 i pf l'lppf'l'lrR. Spot chucldt'. In rontr;;t. They indicate average conditions along an alignment or in an area rather than along the restricted vertical line at a single location as in a boring.

This helps detect irregularities of bedrock surface and interface between strata. Downhole, uphole and cross-hole seismic surveys are used extensively for determining dynamic properties of soil and rock at small strains.

Seismic velocity can be obtained from a single geophone and recorder with a sledge hammer as a source for seismic waves. Geophones recorc travel time for the arrival of seismic waves reflected from the interface of adjoining strata. The travel time of transverse or shear waves generated by a mechanical vibrator consisting of a pair of eccentrically weighted disks is recorded by seismic detectors placet at specific distances from the vibrato Applicability and Limitations Utilized for prel.

Used only where wave velocity in successive layers becomes greater with depth. Suitable :or detenn. Velocity of wave t:-avel and natura: period of vibration gives s Procedure can be revised with energy source on surface, detectors moved up or down the hole. Resistivity is correlated to material type.

Based on the determination of the ratio of potential dro? In this paper, the major design considerations for deep excavation is divided into five sections as follows : a Planning Control Office of Office of Engineering, Bridge Division.

Geotextile Engineering Manual. Department of the Navy. April Soil Mechanics. September Articles, Publications, and Reports. Department of the Navy Holtz, R.

Kovacs An Introduction to Geotechnical By: Danny K. Center, Natural Manual DM 7. Oct 3, Infiltration facility design includes the design of basins, trenches and other water quality best management practices BMP's designed to encourage infiltration and pollutant removal of stormwater runoff before it enters back into the subsurface water supply.

Geotechnical design of infiltration facilities not Jun 4, This Chapter presents the design and analysis requirements for shallow foundations that will be used for projects designed both within and for SCDOT. User information manual, slope stability analysis, Program.

All Rights Reserved. Designed by Templatic. Home Copyright Privacy Contact. Navy Soil Mechanics Design Manual. Sponsored High Speed Downloads. NAVFAC DM Foundations and Earth Structures This manual covers the application of basic engineering principles of soil mechanics in the design of foundations and earth structures for naval shore facilities.

Prellwitz, Forest Service pages to Foundation Manual Oct 30, Section 4: Geotechnical Investigations 4. Design and Construction Considerations for Deep Basement In this paper, the major design considerations for deep excavation is divided into five sections as follows : a Planning Shallow Foundations Jun 4, Chapter 15 Shallow Foundations - Download seismic regulations for buildings: A cooperative effort with the design profession, building Recent Documents craftsman multimeter manual contemporary issues in sport management a critical introduction polaris 4x4 factory service repair manual modern controls systems solutions manual weather studies investigations manual 5b answers suzuki forenza service manual yamaha xt factory repair manual download the pipe book fleetwood wilderness travel trailer manual manual mecanica peugeot one arrow one life zen archery enlightenment hampton bay air conditioner owner manual chevy tahoe navigation manual ford ranger repair manual honda hds software manual fundamentos de enfermera pr ctica cd evolve spanish edition yamaha t50 hp outboard service repair manual.