Material packaging pdf

Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use. In this chapter we shall be looking in details the various types of packaging, the characteristics of packaging, the materials used in packaging and the functions of packaging.

The answer is simple. It takes money to make money, and that is something not all industries comprehend the same way as others do.

Different products command different packaging types. The purpose of product packaging is to protect the product from damage. Packaging not only protects the product during transit from the manufacturer to the retailer, but it also prevents damage while the product sits on retail shelves. Most products have some form of packaging. For example, cometics must have a container and package while apples may have packaging for transport but not to sell the product from the produce department of the local grocery store.

When considering the nature of packaging, it must be kept in mind that there may be different packaging classifications or types. However there exist four principal types of packaging which consist of primary packaging, secondary packaging, tertiary packaging and the unit load.

The are described below in details. For example, a beverage can, a paper envelope for a tea bag, an inner bag in a cereal box and an individual candy wrap in a pouch are primary packages, and their main function is to contain and preserve the product. Beyond this packaging lies the product itself. It contains the packaging that is in direct contact with the product and the other packaging components e.

It could be said to be the packaging used for gathering the sales units in order to allow for easy handling practices in the sales environment. This process can be performed by grouping the products in order to sell them to the consumer e. The secondary package contains two or more primary packages and protects the primary packages from damage during distribution and storage.

Its main aim is branding display and logistical purposes as well as protecting and collating individual units during storage. Secondary packaging is often used by the beverage, food and cosmetic sectors for displaying primary packs on shelves therefore it is often referred to as display packaging.

The tertiary package typically contains a number of the primary or secondary packages. It facilitates the protection, handling and transportation of a series of sales units or secondary packaging in order to group everything into unit loads during transit. This type of packaging is rarely seen by the consumer. Whether primary or secondary or tertiary every packaged product is either a consumer packaging or an industrial packaging.

Consumer packaging: The packaging that starts from a commercial sales point and arrives at the consumer as a sales unit. Industrial packaging: The packaging that is used to deliver goods from producer to consumer.

Industrial packaging is, not always but generally, used to transfer goods to the next point of production. Be it plastic, iron, wood or glass, a product ought to be packaged in the most appropriate way to portray its beauty as well as preserve its content.

But what are the characteristics of these various packaging materials? It also regulates how most food is processed, packaged, and labeled. FDA maintains educational information, databases and listings related to food allergens, ingredients, food additives, color additives and other substances. It accesses program information, inventories, and databases related to food packaging and other substances that come in contact with food.

FDA provides regulatory and scientific information about irradiated food and packaging. Irradiation may be used to increase shelf-life and reduce harmful bacteria in meat, poultry, vegetables and other foods.

FDA assesses the environmental impact of its regulatory actions. Therefore, manufacturers must include an environmental assessment with their petitions and notifications, unless exempt. According to the FDA, figure 2. Companies spend millions of dollars using packaging as a form of marketing to attract customers while products are on the shelf. There are a large variety of materials and containers that are used for packaging.

Packaging will only vary in every industry depending on how the product will be marketed. Different industries will definitely use different types of packaging but the objective will still remain constant. As most businessmen would always say packaging can be the difference in successfully shipping a product to the market in one piece or in pieces. The right packaging material can be the difference between successfully shipping a fragile item or having it arrive in pieces.

Some factors that should be considered when choosing a packaging material include the strength of the item being packed, its weight, the value of the item, and whether the package will be subjected to moisture or other adverse conditions. If you are unsure how much protection your item needs, choose the stronger packaging material, just in case. Figure 2. Brands should always be aware of all these kinds of purpose to have a well done plan when they start to create and design package for their products.

The complexity of packaging has increased during the last years. Today, no company can manage this process without the right technology and the right workflow plan. A well organize program can simplify the packing process and ensure everything runs efficiently.

Basically there are four functions of packaging which are containment, protection, convenience and communication. With the exception of large, discrete products, all other products must be contained before they can be moved from one place to another. The "package", whether it be a milk bottle or a bulk cement rail wagon, must contain the product to function successfully.

Without containment, pollution could become widespread. The containment function of packaging makes a huge contribution to protecting the environment from the myriad of products, which are moved from one place to another on numerous occasions each day in any modern society. Faulty packaging or under packaging could result in major pollution of the environment.

It shows that there is a strong relationship between the amount of packaging waste and the amount of food waste in municipal solid waste MSW worldwide: as the amount of packaging increased, the amount of food waste is decreased.

Note this could also be partly accounted for by the high use of refrigerators in the countries that have high packaging waste figures. This is especially important for those products such as toxic chemicals which may seriously damage the environment. In the case of the majority of food products, the protection afforded by the package is an essential part of the preservation process.

For example, aseptically packaged milk and fruit juices in cartons only remain aseptic for as long as the package provides protection; vacuum-packaged meat will not achieve its desired shelf life if the package permits oxygen to enter. In general, once the integrity of the package is breached, the product is no longer preserved. Packaging also protects or conserves much of the energy expended during the production and processing of the product.

For example, to produce, transport, sell and store 1 kg of bread requires This energy is required in the form of transport fuel, heat, power and refrigeration in farming and milling the wheat, baking and retailing the bread, and in distributing both the raw materials and the finished product. To produce the polyethylene bag to package a 1 kg loaf of bread requires 1. This means that each unit of energy in the packaging protects eleven units of energy in the product.

While eliminating the packaging might save 1. Since the 's consumer demand for tamper-evident packaging has increased. In six people died from cyanide in the US following the malicious tampering of Tylenol painkiller capsules. The UK baby food market suffered a dramatic downturn in after a series of tampering incidents involving glass deliberately added to the baby food containers. Along with requirements for child- resistant closures on pharmaceutical and house hold chemicals, the need for tamper-evident features is necessarily increasing the complexity of packaging and hence its protection features.

One of the major changes has been in the nature of the family and the role of women. All these changes, as well as other factors such as the trend towards "grazing" i. Thus packaging plays an important role in allowing products to be used conveniently. It is used for furnishing, packaging things, or for storing too. Jute is obtained from the plant family of Corchorus , it is a fibrous material.

It is also quite used in the textile industry. It is eco-friendly and is used for bags, sacks, etc. Have you seen the boxes in which smartphones are packed? They are quite hard in structure and also look durable.

These are made from the paperboard but after highly condensing that is like almost 4 or more times. Even though they are made up of paperboard they are heavy comparatively. You can easily customize them according to the product package needs.

They are costly to use and are mostly used for jewelry packaging, cosmetic packaging or fashion, electronic packing, etc. You can think of them as thick paper made up of wood only. You can easily cut them, fold them, or make designs on them to make them look attractive. These are used for the packaging of fast food. You can call them a type of paperboard, as they are made up of recycled paperboard. The paperboard is compressed together to form the chipboard. Usually, the chipboard is found in two colors, either they are brown or they are white.

You can make them stronger as much as you want, just compress more paperboard. These are lightweight so you can easily transport them. You must have seen the cereal boxes or shipping boxes, these are made up of chipboard.

It is mainly used for storing items or for exporting carton boxes. You can also use it in retail packaging. Have you seen the pizza boxes? Pizza boxes are made up of corrugated cardboard. It is prepared by layering multiple pacers together. It is called corrugated because it has a layer of paper in a wavy form that supports the whole structure and makes it stranger.

A single face board has to have one simple paper layer and one corrugated layer, single wallboard in which corrugated paper will be covered on both sides by simple paper, and so on. It has an aluminum foil layer and is PET film.

These are used for food packaging, textile packaging, silicon chips, etc. These are made up of paper, and they have a line of bubble wrap in the inside layer.

That bubble layer helps in providing protection and also insulation to the product. These are used to package computer-related stuff, textiles, and gadgets, etc. So, did you get the idea about the packaging material types and their description, benefits, and drawbacks?

Each material has different properties and different features that they can provide to you. Inspirationfeed Inspiring and educating bright minds from around the world. Last Updated on January 12, Have you ever bought things just because they look pretty?